The Finest Beach in the World

That is what one guide book calls the 20km beach at Cucao on the Pacific coast of Chilloe. It is spectactual and just as desolate as when Darwin dropped by. No development just intimidating thundering surf, nothing like the occaisional tsumani to sweep it clean. I biked on the next day through pouring rain, the gortex and marino keeping balance of  rain in and sweat out. Pushing the bike up long inclines kept me warm. I´d stop at bus shelters for a quick brew-up of tea. My homemade beer can alcohol stove works brilliantly.

The Pan American is a ribbon of juggernauts blasting inches away until the final day when it was reduced to a single lane and the mountain bike ruled. I passed the long lines of waiting traffic and bounced throught the mud, rocks and flooded washouts.

Next I go back to the mainland in search of the 3000 year old trees, the only new things here are the earthquakes and volcanoes.

Shouded in Pacific Mist

I´m on the Souuth Pacific island of Chiloe and the plants and shrubs are the same as rural Ireland - Darwin really must have been stuffing his bags full when he stombed thru here. Had a great two days in Porto Montt staying at Casa Perlas. The hostel has everything the weary traveller wants, good chat, great breakfast, hot showers and a peaceful garden.
I stay here until Christmas day camping on the beach , fishing and maybe write a little, then back to the mainland and peddle south.

Peddled to the Pacific

Twelve days and 1200km I`m in Porto Montt eating strawberries. The backdrop are snowcapped volcanoes and along the water front are artisan stalls of fresh fruit and handcrafts. Faded, jaded and definately slightly smelly after living outside for two weeks lonesome for soap. Now, refreshed and re-stocked. Next I cross onto the island of Chiloe and bike the coast which is the South Pacific`s equivalent of Newfoundland`s outports, a world of mists and magic.

Rolling down the Pan American Highway

Its day seven and I´m in Temuco, 750 km south of Santiago. Tomorrow I do a loop through the Lake District to see the volcanoes and hot springs. Then onto the Isla de Chiloe before peddling into the heart of Patagonia on the carratera austral. The first night´in Santiago the hostal had morphed into a retirement home and so instead of samba it was the sound of shuffling slippers.

Why Community Gardens Are Bending The World

 Why Community Gardens Are Bending The World

 

The great unbooted public are unaware how the wheelbarrow is replacing the shopping cart. This has been the way since Babylonian times in the developing world where, today, 200 million urban folk (women and kids) feed 700 million people. Now the Western world, rattled by economic downturn and heath concerns, is reaching for the trowel. We are close to a tipping point when backyard growers produce more edible food than industrial farmers.  

 

Community gardens hit the hot buttons – food security, diminished resources and health concerns. The 10’ by 5’ raised bed is the building block of community in urban wastelands. Gardening is a common language shared by all cultures and these initiatives are a win/win for everyone - the spiky hair crowd have the satisfaction of giving agri-business a slap in the face, immigrants bring gardening expertise that helps integrate them into the community and property developers can pocket an 80% tax saving by having a commercially zoned property reclassified as a garden prior to construction.

 

Gardening no longer means lost weekends, mastering arcane skills and an aching back.            Vermicomposting turns waste into worm castings, which can be worked with a trowel. Growing in raised beds doubles the output and community support cheers you on. Crunching into a luscious carrot, you have the happy thought that it didn’t take 100 calories of energy to produce 10 calories of edible food like its sappy supermarket brethren.

Two Cups of Tea

Two Cups of Tea

 

Hugh Morshead

 

It all began at the parent and teacher meeting at the end of my first year at High School. My parents sat in shock as my teacher argued that I should take the year again. The kitchen table meeting that evening left me gutted.

     “Rory, we work so hard for you, you break our hearts. It’s not just the grades, but when he insinuated that you cheated in exams that was a knife in my heart,” said Mom.

“I’ll do better next...”

“First, your pony has to go, you’ve outgrown Tonka anyway. Then, you work this summer so you stay out of trouble”.

The next day is worse.

“I talked to Gloria De Bacle last night. The Chascomus Hunt and Country Club are hiring... oh, and Penelope is coming to try Tonka,” said Mom.

“Ahh, no, she’s a dressage rider.”

 I grab my bike and peddle furiously to the gypsy encampment seeking solace. Liam and his Dad, Mick, are working on a car and his sister, Siobhan, is skinny a rabbit.

“What’s up with you, this fine mornin’,” said Mick.

       “My life’s destroyed. Tonka is for sale and I could be conscripted into the Chascomous labour gang.

       “And why would this be?”

       “My grades were sketchy.”

       “School just replaces ignorance with confusion, but, there’s no harm in work and you should be ridin’ horses not ponies. Come on jump in the truck, I have to go over to Owens to shoe a horse.”

      Mick and Owen Monet are both horse dealers. That was all they had in common. Mick regrets having to be dishonest, Owen thrives on it. Their appearance and lifestyle are also opposite. Mick is a big raw-boned man with a battered face and wears soiled work clothes; like a granite outcrop, he is all rough edges. Owen, on the other hand, is a chameleon; he can blend into any milieu. Like a water-worn pebble, his smoothness prevents creditors and lawyers getting a grip on him. However, the real difference is that Owen has elevated from the grubby world of horse dealing to the real business of trading in prestige and information.

      “How’s business?” said Mick, as he steps out of the truck and continues, “You know, Rory, the hell-rider that lives down by the strand. He is cryin’ the blues ‘cos he’s losing his pony.”

       “I’ve outgrown him and the De Bacles are coming on Sunday to try him,” I said.

       “Well, he couldn’t go to a better home,” said Owen.

       “You‘ll see him every day when you’re working at Chascomous,” adds Mick.

       “When do you start there?” Said Owen.

       “Next week, if I get the job; they’re building a new cross-country course.”

       “While Mick is doing the shoeing, why don’t you hop on one? The chestnut in the first stall is a lovely ride.”

      I go into the barn with its double row of stalls either side of a center aisle. I take the head collar off the hook and slide the door open. The sleek chestnut horse looks at me quizzically. My real education had come from hanging around Liam and Mick; they had taught me how to establish a rapport with any horse. I slip the head collar on him and lead him to the crossties in the aisle to be groomed and tacked. I warm him up jogging around the arena and then jump through the line of show jumps. It is effortless for us both.

      “He just came in last week, he has potential doesn’t he?” Said Owen, as I take him back to the stall and untacked him.

       “Ya, he’s a sister-kisser...no problem.”

       “Anytime you want to come and ride, you are welcome,” he said with a friendly smile.

       “Thanks, I might take you up on that, I’ll have nothing to ride when Tonka goes.”

       “You’re very confident the sale will go through.”

       “Oh, Tonka is a real gentleman and Gloria De Bacle would never put her daughter at risk...though, I can’t bare thinking of the endless dressage he will have to do.”

       “There is a way you can keep your pony without risk to anyone,” said Owen.

       “How?”

       “Give him two cups of well-stewed tea in his feed an hour before he’s ridden and he’ll be a different horse.”

       “What do you mean?”

       “It’ll just give him a bit of an edge. When a rider tries a new horse, they are nervous and fear travels down the reins, neither will feel comfortable with each other. That uncertainty is enough to insure there is no sale.”

       I peddle home with my brain racing. My friends call me, Captain Apache, after the way I scalped the competition at the local shows. My only real success is with Tonka. I need time to find the right home for him. Handing in homework on time would fix my grades.

     The De Bacles are due at nine. I slip the teapot out to the stables, mix up a mash and stir in the tea. Tonka wolfs it down. Shortly, I hear the swish of gravel as a black sedan curves in front of the house.

      “Wonderful to see you again, Gloria...and you too, Penelope,” said Mom.

       “We do hope your pony will be suitable, we can’t stay too long because Owen Monet has a new chestnut we just must look at.”

       “Oh really,” there is enough meaning in the words to pack a suitcase.

       “I can’t stand the man, he’s an oil slick... but his horses win gold.”

      My brain races. The bastard had tricked me so he could make a sale. I agonise about what to do. I look at Penelope, a slim blonde in form-fitting breeches and polished riding boots. I wish I had been able to ride Tonka before they came.

      “You don’t need spurs; he knows all the aids and responds to the lightest touch.”

       “Penelope likes to be properly attired when she rides,” said Gloria.

       As soon as she sat in the saddle, Tonka’s ears twitched. They went into the back field, rode some circles, and then cantered. Tonka and I were partners; Penelope rode as if the pony was an employee. He is not happy and gives a couple of half bucks.

      “Take him for a canter around the field,” shouts Gloria.

      Instead of letting him ease into the canter, she grips the reins tightly pulling on his mouth.  Tonka takes off and the canter becomes a gallop.

       “Circle him, circle him,” screams Gloria. Penelope leans back with her legs outstretched, she has lost all contact. They whip around the corner; she tries to jump off and hits the ground like a rag doll.

       She lies motionless. The two women run across the rough field frantically. Mom knees and cradles the girl’s head in both hands. Gloria frantically dials.

       “What’s the address, what’s the address?” she screams. Mom recites the address.

        “Wriggle your toes,” the boots move, “now wriggle your fingers,” fingers move spastically.

         “Oh, thank God, it’s not her spine,” said Gloria.

        “Where does it hurt?”

        “It’s my hip,” said Penelope, sobbing.

        “You’re going to be alright darling; the ambulance will be here any minute.”                                      

        “Rory, go to the road and show the ambulance how to get here,” said Mom.

       The ambulance, with lights flashing, arrives shortly and I direct them across the field. Tonka munches grass with the reins caught around one leg. I take him back to the barn. I feel sick with what I have done. The stupid girl couldn’t ride and it is really dumb to bail out from a gallop. It was no good; I knew it was my entire fault. The ambulance makes its way back to the stables and I open the gate.

       “Is she going to be okay?”

       “We just wrap ‘em and pack ‘em,” he said, with macabre jocularity. The two mothers came across the field with looks of anguish.

       “Come in for a quick cup of tea, you need a moment to get over the shock before driving to the hospital.”

       “I don’t know if I could stomach it, I feel physically sick.” The two walk to the house. I shuffle back to the stables and try to make sense of it all. I ride Tonka and down the road to cool him off.

        A car slows down behind me, it is Owen. He pulls alongside and lowers the window.

       “Did she have a fall?”

       “No, she bailed. Tonka is just not used to spurs.”

       “Or a cup of tea,” said Owen, adding, “a horseman’s grave is always open.”  I could not believe his callousness.

       “They’ve taken her to the hospital.”

       “You and I are partners now, we’ll keep our little secret to ourselves,” he said, with a tight smile that had a blade in it. I slump in the saddle, sick over of the terrible price I had paid to keep Tonka for a little longer. By the time I got home, Gloria had left and my mother is standing at the door.

        “Rory, have you seen the tea pot? I can’t find it anywhere.”

        “It’s in the tack-room,” I reply.

        “Why on earth did you take it there? You have a perfectly good travel mug. I wanted to make Gloria a proper cup of tea; instead, I had to use tea bags. I was mortified.”

I went back to collect the teapot. I wanted to smash it and Owen Monet against the wall.

       “Gloria just phoned, Penelope is going to be okay, she has a big bruise and a mild concussion...and she said you can stable Tonka at the Club when you work there. Penelope would like company when she rides,” said Mom.

       “Thank heavens she is going to be alright.’

       “Gloria wants to give you dressage lessons; she says you need them...cup of tea? She asks, offering the teapot.

        “I’ll have a glass of milk, thanks.” I took the milk to my room and swore that never again would I be so selfish and stupid.

The latest pictures of the hobbit house...

Return to Patagonia

I fly to Santiago, Chile on Nov. 30th for ten weeks biking and trekking in Patagonia. The plan is to bike south to Puntas Arena then turn right to visit the penguins further up the coast. Will stop along the way to trek.

How to build a hobbit house

Building a hobbit house requires hobbit sense – work with nature, adapt to local conditions and belong to a community. The currency of construction is barter, recycle and goodwill. Here are some tips to help you on your journey to handcrafting a dream into reality. .Instead of orientating the building due south, have the door face east. This allows the south-facing wall with its large windows to maximize passive solar heat and light. •The sub-soil provides insulation and structural strength, the bones of the building are a frame of massive logs, these support the roof and walls. •Earth bag construction works because the bags and dirt are free, the inherent structural strength and there are no time constraints. That said, they weigh up to 110 lbs. and the pounder comes in at 38 lbs – mucho oats and quinoa! •The sun powers the lights and the dead trees the heat. • The living roof and walls moderate the temperature and grow food. • The building is twenty-foot wide and eight-feet high. The peak is two feet higher than the external wall. Hobbits follow the laws of nature. It is essential to understand the dynamics of structural stress, water management and gravity – the glue of the universe. My dream did not come with a blueprint, there are times when you have to stop and think; for example, the dirt bags are hard to pound rigid when the walls are over five-feet high. I switched to straw bale construction for the remaining two feet. Instead of doing standard straw bale construction, I double bagged straw into used plastic wood shavings bags. The bags were sandwiched between tight twelve-gauge wire. Let the ground be your engineer, excavate in autumn and build the following spring. If there are water problems, they will then be obvious – it is hard to attain satori with soggy socks. Read the land and the plants for the best site. Water helps to break up bedrock for the post-holes. Nails partially hammered into the posts anchor the cement when setting the posts. The radial logs that connected the outer nine posts to the center are lowered into position with a backhoe. Twelve-inch nails fasten the beams to the posts. The concave wall and twenty-inch wide hard bags knitted together with re-bar transform the structure into one solid unit. The pounder was a hockey stick set in concrete to form an eight by twelve-inch cylinder; a sledgehammer packs the upper layers. The top two-feet of the wall is built with straw stuffed into plastic shavings bags. Wedge the bags tightly in place and then secure them between two strands of wire, one on the inside and one on the outside of the wall. Clinch the wires tightly together with baler twine in two places equidistant apart. The roof has five layers. First, the nine radial 10” beams connecting the outer nine posts to the center post, then cedar poles form a lattice like a spider’s web over the beams. Oak planks, recycled from a paddock fence, are nailed to the poles and completely cover the roof. Two old farm tarps, a trampoline deck and an inflatable raft soften the dips and spikes. These are then cover with a heavy-duty industrial tarp. Six inches of hay protects this tarp from the timber frame (split cedar rails) that holds it in place. The timber frame consists of an outer ring connected to an inner ring. The roof is then covered with 18” of ‘black gold’ worm castings compost, this anchors the timber frame the same way a ‘dead man’ secures a retaining wall. The roof overhang and the exterior tarps provide added protection from moisture. The walls are back-filled with dirt and the site reverts to natural landscape. Drainage pipe is buried below grade around the outside and then back-filled with rock. Stakes and wire mesh anchor the sod to the front side of the building. The interior will be parged with a breathable mortar mix next spring. Oh, one final point – this is of course, a hen house. It is perfect for raising chicks. The temperature is stable and it could withstand rampaging woolly mammoths never mind a marauding fox. It cost $65 to build and that is reasonable for a backyard chicken operation.

Turning manure into cash

You can pay your horse feed bill with manure – or to be exact, with worm castings made by composting manure with red wriggler worms. There is no catch or mystery, you add the worms to the manure pile, nature does the work and gardeners will beat a path to your door to load their pick-ups with what they call, “black gold”. Every morning in every horse barn, someone is shovelling a wheelbarrow-load of manure and sodden bedding out of every stall. Behind the barn, a mountain of manure grows along with the smell and the flies. This all represents time, money and environmental worries; it doesn’t have to be that way. The worms speed up a natural process and will, over a few months, convert the manure into nutrient-rich castings, which retail for up $5 for a two-litre container and the worms for $45 per lb. The income from the sale of worms and castings is comparable to the cost of the feed that went into producing the manure. It is worth taking a glimpse into the fecund world of the red wriggler. Red wiggler worms eat their own weight in organic matter every day, their population doubles each month and the nutrient-rich castings contain essential minerals in a form readily available to plants. Compared to regular topsoil, worm castings have five times more nitrogen, seven times more phosphorus and eleven times more potash. Unlike their earthworm cousins, who live in the soil, red wrigglers are litter dwellers and prefer leaf mold and the underside of rotten logs. They play an intregal role, along with fungi and microbes, in converting dead plants into humus, the organic component of soil. In nature, the time scale for this process is measured in centuries, in the barnyard it takes weeks because the manure pile is nirvana for red wrigglers. Their requirements are simple: moisture, air, a temperature between 12 – 25 degrees C and food. Manure and spoiled alfalfa bales are an ideal food source because the carbon: nitrogen ratio is approximately 25: 1. They are hermaphrodite, or both male and female, mature in about four weeks and produce two to six offspring every month. The size of the manure pile provides the heat and turning the pile occasionally insures aeration. Commercial operations can speed the composting process down to a few weeks, however, it is cheaper and simpler to let nature work at her own pace and just turn the pile once or twice; by the following year the ‘black gold’ will be ready to use. Worm castings have many applications – a top dressing for paddocks, gardening or as a profitable sideline. Both the worms and the castings are in high demand by organic gardeners. “My focus is to sell worms so that people can make their own compost”, says Cathy Nesbitt of Cathyscrawlers of Bradford, Ontario. Along with providing worms and worm castings, the ten-year-old business has a strong educational component. “Composting is how individuals can make a difference in tackling the big problems we all face, like, climate change, food security and overflowing landfills”, she added. Composting manure with worms is a natural for horse people; tired paddocks can be restored to lush pasture and gardens blossom. There is also the pleasant thought that no matter how your day goes, behind the barn, you have thousands of the little darlings giving the manure heap the Midas touch.

Building the Hobbit House

Hobbit Man

 Pizza night in Hobbit Land

The Hobbit House

Earth bag construction

Windows are the eyes of a building

Bees make building look easy!

Dancing with Nature

Dancing with Nature
 

A long, long time ago, everyone danced with Nature and happiness radiated throughout the land. One day, Men stopped dancing and instead tried to subdue and conquer Nature. Machines and explosives laid waste the land. At first, Men were successful, however, some folk wanted to return to the old ways. The Men were clever and tricked the People with consumerism. This made the People feel good and gave them everything they desired – except the one thing they wanted above all else – happiness. Then one day the People noticed that Nature no longer danced and they were worried.

 The Problems

 

Climate change, resource depletion, food security, rich/poor divide, debt overhang, affordable housing, alienation, consumerism/globalization and unethical leadership.

 

The Solution

 

We are the people we have been waiting for, or as Gandhi so nicely said - when the people lead, the leaders follow. The problems are interconnected and the answers are holistic. I stumbled on the path back to happiness by accident. Consumerism is an addiction; the cure is long distance trekking, bicycling or kayaking. When you carry your gear, you quickly learn to lighten your load as you re-connect with nature. Self-propelled travel breaks the bond to consumerism. Sustainable living makes poor people rich and gives them the affluence of time. This in turn creates a feedback loop and voluntary austerity morphs into enhanced quality of life. First, you change yourself and then you help build a vibrant local community.

 

How to Transition to a Sustainable Lifestyle

 

Never before in history has all the wisdom of the ancients been available either online or in print. Similarly, innovative technology is only a click away. Every square metre of the earth’s surface receives 1.4 kW of solar power a day. Dig six feet deep anywhere on the planet and the temperature is a constant 55^o F. Vermicomposting turns organic waste into a growing medium that is five times higher in nutrients than the best topsoil. Internet is free in libraries and coffee shop parking lots. Thrift stores and yard sales sell consumer goods at a fraction of the market price. A sauna supplies unlimited hot water. Alternative housing – cabins, hobbit homes and yurts – are cheap to build and provide comfort without the monthly bills. Adventure travel costs less than staying home and doing nothing – with boots, you can ramble across countries and with bikes, you cruise across continents.

kawartha Black Gold Compost

KAWARTHA BLACK GOLD COMPOST

A Quick Guide to making Black Gold

Composting with worms turns organic waste into nutrient-rich humus. Growing food in raised beds filled with worm castings is a gardening revolution. The soil warms up quickly in the spring, holds moisture, drains well, can be worked with a trowel and is loaded with nutrients. Essentially, a waste product is converted into a growing medium and then into healthy veggies with virtually no cost or effort.

Scientists measure the time it take to make an inch of top soil in centuries and envirnomentalists  lament that half the world’s topsoil is gone or unusable. Anyone can make the finest topsoil by the truckload in a few weeks and combined with intensive gardening methods can feed their family and neighbours. Biologists continue to unravel the mosh pit of decomposition, for folks like myself, unencumbered by a university degree, making black gold is simple.

The key factor is in providing optimum conditions for all the organisms that do the composting, namely, heat, moisture, air and the best mix of organic waste. Then you fit the requirements to your circumstances. Bacteria do most of the rotting; they use carbon for energy and nitrogen for fuel. A carbon: nitrogen ratio of 25:1is ideal. They breed exponentially and the pile heats up. Fungi then thrive and break down cellulose. Building the pile with alternating layers of dry brown material and green moisture material provides roughly the right mix of air, water and nutrients. Composters can be categorised into three groups: suburban, organic gardeners and farmers. The plastic compost bin benefits by having a two-foot deep hole under the bin and filled with grass clippings. Position the bin over the hole. This gives a refuge for the composting worms in extreme weather conditions. The contents should be turned occasionally and the moisture level comparable to a wrung out sponge. Building a three-sided pen with pallet skids works well for the backyard gardener, ideally, there should be two or three pens each containing different stages of decomposition. Commercial composters spread the compost in windrows so that they are easy to aerate. My compost pile is a huge mound and when the sides green up I push up and turn over with a front-end loader. The worms move through the pile to find their sweet spot.

Cold composting is an indoor method of making black gold with Red Wriggler worms. A shallow plastic bin approximately 30cm by 75cm is ideal. Half-fill the bin with alternating layers of dry and damp organic materials, such as, shredded paper and kitchen scraps. The base layer Shredded paper works well as a base layer, it absorbs moisture. Meat, fat and acidic fruit create do not compost easily under these conditions and should be kept out of the bin. It is beneficial to a few handfuls of rich topsoil as an activator. Generally, 0.5kg of Red Wriggler worms can digest the kitchen waste produced by the average family. Spreading damp newspaper over the surface of the compost discourages flies. When the bin is working perfectly there should be no odor, rather a mild earthy aroma. If there are problems, they are easy to rectify by tweaking the conditions and ingredients. If you do have problems, like the worms escaping and eating Granny, advice is only a mouse-click away. The dark brown crumbly worm castings are perfect as a top-dressing or growing medium for the garden.

Innisfree Sustainable Living

Innisfree Sustainable Living

Innisfree is located in the Empty Quarter of the Kawarthas in central Ontario. It is a ninety-acre farm with a pair of log cabins dating back to the 1870s. Solar power, woodstoves, sauna and a root cellar provide the necessities of life. Horse manure is vermicomposted and the resulting worm castings grow veggies in raised beds. A greenhouse and the walled garden of a former barn foundation extend the growing season. The project began one chilly day in January 2010. At first, it was all about adapting to a lifestyle that mirrored the age of the cabins, the surprise came at the end of the first summer.

Here is a little secret, sustainable living makes poor people rich – well sort off. When you make your own electricity, hot water, heat with wood and grow food you save a chunk of cash. Libraries, free wifi and thrift stores increase one’s resilience from the uncertainties of climate change and an economy swinging on its hinges.

On the personal level, holistic living means firing on all cylinders or having boundless energy – and energy is the currency of life. Globally, it is like being a worm cast in a meadow, insignificant until you take into account the millions of other people who are also saving the planet one wiggle at a time. It also chimes the simplicity and charm of village life in The Hobbit with the wizardry of open source technology. It is a handcrafted world of gardeners, recyclers, improvisers and innovators, where rough readiness and resilience rule. Dreams and ideas blossom in the garden of the mind and ripen into reality. It is also a vision of a better world and a daily practical protest against the forces that lay waste the planet. Sustainable living is the first step in making these destructive systems obsolete and turning potential chaos into niches of change.

Books can tell you how, nature shows you how. Every morning with the rising sun, she unfurls her blueprint. We just need to slow down to read it. For me, it is a never-ending lesson and not without its ‘oops moments’ - when I reach for a hammer my inner Mr. Bean screams to get out. Nature, meanwhile, has had four billion years to iron out the kinks; she has also almost gone over the edge a few times. Bacteria played a lead role in her early successes and disasters.

Although, I love my red wriggler worms, deep down, I am a bacteria kind of guy, not just because I’m ninety percent bacteria, fungi, yeasts and microbes, but rather, because they learn from their calamities. The early history of the planet reads like a disaster movie.  

Bacteria were one of earliest life forms. Three times, they almost caused their own extinction through uncontrolled growth and pollution. Then they became smart, instead of endless growth, resource depletion and toxic waste, they settled for niches. They gave us the gift of ecology. The little darlings learnt to downsize and live by a set of rules.

Here is another secret – sustainable living makes you optimistic and happy. Gardens flourish, hobbit houses sprout and Bilbo Baggins steps off the page and strides down the path to another adventure.

Guest cabins

Sauna

Main cabin

Cabin in winter

Greenhouse

main cabin

Guest cabin

Frame for hobbit house

kawartha Black Gold Compost

KAWARTHA BLACK GOLD COMPOST

A Quick Guide to making Black Gold

Composting with worms turns organic waste into nutrient-rich humus. Growing food in raised beds filled with worm castings is a gardening revolution. The soil warms up quickly in the spring, holds moisture, drains well, can be worked with a trowel and is loaded with nutrients. Essentially, a waste product is converted into a growing medium and then into healthy veggies with virtually no cost or effort.

Scientists measure the time it take to make an inch of top soil in centuries and environmentalists  lament that half the world’s topsoil is gone or unusable. Anyone can make the finest topsoil by the truckload in a few weeks and combined with intensive gardening methods can feed their family and neighbours. Biologists continue to unravel the mosh pit of decomposition, for folks like myself, unencumbered by a university degree, making black gold is simple.

The key factor is in providing optimum conditions for all the organisms that do the composting, namely, heat, moisture, air and the best mix of organic waste. Then you fit the requirements to your circumstances. Bacteria do most of the rotting; they use carbon for energy and nitrogen for fuel. A carbon: nitrogen ratio of 25:1is ideal. They breed exponentially and the pile heats up. Fungi then thrive and break down cellulose. Building the pile with alternating layers of dry brown material and green moisture material provides roughly the right mix of air, water and nutrients. Composters can be categorised into three groups: suburban, organic gardeners and farmers. The plastic compost bin benefits by having a two-foot deep hole under the bin and filled with grass clippings. Position the bin over the hole. This gives a refuge for the composting worms in extreme weather conditions. The contents should be turned occasionally and the moisture level comparable to a wrung out sponge. Building a three-sided pen with pallet skids works well for the backyard gardener, ideally, there should be two or three pens each containing different stages of decomposition. Commercial composters spread the compost in windrows so that they are easy to aerate. My compost pile is a huge mound and when the sides green up I push up and turn over with a front-end loader. The worms move through the pile to find their sweet spot.

Cold composting is an indoor method of making black gold with Red Wriggler worms. A shallow plastic bin approximately 30cm by 75cm is ideal. Half-fill the bin with alternating layers of dry and damp organic materials, such as, shredded paper and kitchen scraps. The base layer Shredded paper works well as a base layer, it absorbs moisture. Meat, fat and acidic fruit create do not compost easily under these conditions and should be kept out of the bin. It is beneficial to a few handfuls of rich topsoil as an activator. Generally, 0.5kg of Red Wriggler worms can digest the kitchen waste produced by the average family. Spreading damp newspaper over the surface of the compost discourages flies. When the bin is working perfectly there should be no odor, rather a mild earthy aroma. If there are problems, they are easy to rectify by tweaking the conditions and ingredients. If you do have problems, like the worms escaping and eating Granny, advice is only a mouse-click away. The dark brown crumbly worm castings are perfect as a top-dressing or growing medium for the garden.